Inaugural Address : Dr. Ish Mohan Bahuguna, Deputy Director, Space Application Centre - ISRO, Government of India
Ten Days Online FDP on Advanced Remote Sensing and Machine Learning for
Environmental Sustainability
Session 1 : Remote sensing for coastal pollution studies, Dr Sanitha K Sivadas, Scientist D, National Centre for Coastal Research – MoES, Govt of India
Highlights of the Session - I
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Major sources of coastal pollution (i.e). agriculture, sewage, oil pollution, aquaculture, etc were elaborated. The Indian coastline, which is about 8100 km was discussed with respect to its reserves and its pollution levels.
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Human interference affect the coastal ecosystems in a number of ways causing variations in the levels of nutrients, primary production, sediments, oxygen levels, salinity. All these create habitat loss, mangrove destruction and decline in fisheries.
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Role of natural disasters in coastal pollution was described. Also the emerging threats in coastal areas such as ozone depletion, global warming, melting glaciers, climate change, marine litter-plastic was elaborated.
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Marine litter proves to be the fastest emerging threat. The increase of plastic litter in these days was explained with numbers and reasons. These plastics contribute to a greater percentage of climate change, which in turn affects the coral reefs, mangroves and also the benthic ecosystem. The decline of these habitats reduces the economical and ecological value of the nation.
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Coral classification or mapping was discussed with graphs from paper publications.
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The speaker explained as to how Remote Sensing provides a better solution to coastal pollution when compared to the conventional in-situ sampling methodology. She also explained the application of Remote Sensing tools in mangrove mapping, coastal monitoring, Intertidal algae mapping, marine litter and plastics mapping. Despite of the challenges, the advancements in Remote Sensing will help in its improved usability.
Session II : Coastal vulnerability assessment using geospatial technology - Shri Mahendra R.S, Scientist E , Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services – MoES, Govt of India
Highlights of the Session - II
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Shri.Mahendra RS has discussed various components of climate change process, Earth’s reservoirs and flumes of CO2 were discussed. Greenhouse gas emission over past 2000 years, amount of heat absorbed by parts of Earth climate system, Individual contribution to GMSL rise were given an insight.
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Global and national sea level rise over past 15 years using altimeter data were depicted with case studies.
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Sea level observation for the areas like Indian Ocean, North Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal, etc. using altimeter data and tide gauge records was discussed in detail.
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Implications of climate change and sea level rise on the Geophysical events like earth quake, tsunami, volcanic eruption; Meteorological events such as tropical storm, winter storm and thunder storm; Hydrological events like flood, mass movement and Climatological events such as extreme temperature, drought and forest fire were given an insight.
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Shri.Mahendra has narrated in detail about the different forecasts performed in Ocean Modelling such as Global forecast, Regional forecast, location specific forecast, value added services and high value alerts, etc.
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The various types of Tsunami inundation Modelling and vulnerability mapping were discussed. Deterministic Tsunami modelling, the inputs required for it and how the numerical model works was explained with the suitable example of mapping of coastal vulnerability for Tsunami and cyclone.
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The probabilistic type of vulnerability assessment was also explained with the assessment of coastal vulnerability Indices (CVI), developed using geological and physical inputs such as geomorphology, slope, elevation, tidal range, shoreline change rate, historical sea level, significant wave height and the output obtained in the form of CVI maps and coastal vulnerability Atlas.
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Coastal multi hazard vulnerability assessment using MHVM methodology which involves both long term sea level data such as sea level trend, return period, extreme water level and satellite derived data such as shoreline change rate, DEM data, etc.
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Use of 3D mapping in land use/ land cover, extraction of roads, buildings, layer integration, risk maps and hazard management were also addressed.
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The concept of 3d GIS Mapping- 3DVAS was explained with case studies of Machilipattinam and Pondicherry. MHVM risk assessment for village using socio economic sensitivity and adaptive capacity parameters was narrated with fist case study of Maharashtra, which involved 33 indicators and the other case study of Kochi with 54 indicators.
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