News 01-07-2022

Ten Days Online FDP on Advanced Remote Sensing and Machine Learning for

Environmental Sustainability

Session XII : VEDAS: AI and Big Data Analysis for earth observation data - Dr.Shasikanth A Sharma ,Scientist SG, Smt. Shweta Mishra, Sci/Eng‐SE and Shri Kriti Rastogi Sci/Eng‐SD, Space Application Centre – ISRO, Government of India.

Highlights of the Session - XII

The session started off with a brief introduction to Geomatics followed by enumeration of the main features of Indian earth observation satellites like Resourcesat-2, 2A, EOS-04, CARTOSAT-2E, CARTOSAT-3, SARAL, INSAT-3D ,3DR.
The technological trends underlying the transition – location via GPS and storage, high resolution(<1m) satellite Remote sensing, communication revolution, spatial data tools and open source libraries were discussed.
Big data is data with high volume, variety, velocity and veracity and how the data is stored and handled as large satellite data in Open Data Cubes(ODC) were informed.
The usage of IoT in agriculture, the pros, cons and capabilities of GIS using cloud computing, significance and usage of Google Earth Engine(GEE)was explained.
The major aspects of ISRO processing platform for International charter : space and major disasters and VEDAS Geo-spatial calculator was elucidated.
A few examples and case studies like web GIS based crop monitoring, site selection for solar energy plant, SAR data visualization and analysis, etc were presented.
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Deep Learning followed by a few examples of AI based applications – Building footprint detection from Cartosat-2S, Ship detection from satellite imagery, etc were discussed.
Live demonstration of VEDAS(Visualisation of Earth Observation Data and Archival System) portal- https://vedas.sac.gov.in was done. The major applications such as Vegetation and crop monitoring, New and Renewal energy, desertification and land degradation, Hydrological science and applications, Geospatial energy maps of India, Urban sprawl Information system including 3D city model and Rooftop solar potential were demonstrated as hands on very elaborately.

Session XIII : Hyperspectral remote sensing and HERT Survey for mineral exploration -

Dr B.K Badhra , NRSC – ISRO , Government of India.

Highlights of the Session - XIII

The basics of remote sensing and different types of sensors like multispectral, hyperspectral,RADAR/SAR, Thermal, atmospheric LIDAR, surface LiDAR, etc. were explained.
Remote sensing applications in various fields such as geology (mapping of lineament, palaeochannel , sand dunes, earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, etc.), groundwater exploration ( ground water prospect mapping, ground water harvesting), mineral exploration (mapping of deposits of Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, coal, limestone, etc.), oil and natural gas exploration and many more were listed out.
Various multispectral satellites like Landsat, ASTER, MODIS and hyperspectral satellites like AVRIS, HYPERION, IMS-1, HySI, AVIRIS, etc. and the differences between multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing were pointed out.
The steps involved in hyperspectral imaging, acquisition techniques of hyperspectral remote sensing, data collection in field and laboratory were given an insight.
Advantages of hyperspectral remote sensing such as ability to acquire entire spectrum at each point in data, ability to retrieve all available information from data sets after post processing, etc. and disadvantages such as high cost, complexity in processing, requirement of fast computer, etc were discussed.
Different open source softwares for hyperspectral remote sensing like HyperSpy, Gerbil and commercial softwares such as Erdas Imagine, ENVI, MIA Toolbox, Micro MSI, MATLAB, Mountains Map, Opticks, Scyllarus were showcased.
Applications of hyperspectral remote sensing in the fields of forestry and agriculture, mining and mineral exploration, aerospace, defense, environmental monitoring and control were explained with the examples like infrastructure and urban planning , oil and gas exploration, hyperspectral data for crop discrimination and crop health; hyperspectral data for medical engineering, etc.
Mineral identification using hyperspectral remote sensing and its major applications such as lithologic mapping and geobotanical mapping. The process of identification of mineral groups such as OH bearing minerals, carbonates, sulfates, olivines, pyroxenes, iron oxides and hydroxides using imaging spectroscopy is explained.
Geological spectroscopy and the process involved during absorption of EMR by minerals and laboratory spectroscopy of base metals, rocks with geochemistry were narrated in brief.
The case study of clay mineral mapping using hyperspectral data and the steps like talc mineral deposits in Jahazpur, Rajasthan using AVIRIS- NG data, pure to impure clay minerals at different mines in Jahazpur area, clay spectral matching of AVIRIS- NG with spectral library, XRF data of clay minerals and statistics of talc abundance with LSU, pixel to sub-pixel level classification foe mineral abundance mapping, integrated mapping of clay mineral abundance in Jahazpur area were elaborated.
The example of ASTER data analysis for mineral potential mapping in Sawar- Malpura area, central Rajasthan was explained with stepwise methods such as ASTER bands showing signature of rocks, lithological boundary with base metal concentration, ASTER bands for Gossan and phyllic alteration zones, etc.
HERT survey for mineral exploration is described with related topics such as finding the depth of information of Earth, challenges in sub surface information, High Resolution Electrical Resistivity Tomogram survey, fundamentals of electrical resistivity method, technological development in resistivity survey, depth estimation using HERT survey, standard resistivity values for water and mineral, use of IRIS SYSCAL PRO RESISTIVITY meter were explained in brief.
Applications of HERT survey in ground water exploration, palaeochannel study, mineral exploration, archaeological sites, aeolian landforms, mine mapping, soil mapping were explained along with optimization of resistivity survey methods, data acquisition with Wenner- schlumberger (WS) Array, inversion models were explained.
The case studies of resistivity survey for groundwater, Rajasthan, generation of 3D model by integrating 2D tomograms, HERT survey in palaeochannel, Rajasthan, Ground water exploration using Resistivity Meter, Bikaner, Mineral exploration using resistivity HERT survey, Gossan zone in Kalabar area, Rajasthan, etc were explained and the future challenges in HERT survey were addressed.

The session started off with a brief introduction to Geomatics followed by enumeration of the main features of Indian earth observation satellites like Resourcesat-2, 2A, EOS-04, CARTOSAT-2E, CARTOSAT-3, SARAL, INSAT-3D ,3DR.

The technological trends underlying the transition – location via GPS and storage, high resolution(<1m) satellite Remote sensing, communication revolution, spatial data tools and open source libraries were discussed.

Big data is data with high volume, variety, velocity and veracity and how the data is stored and handled as large satellite data in Open Data Cubes(ODC) were informed.

The usage of IoT in agriculture, the pros, cons and capabilities of GIS using cloud computing, significance and usage of Google Earth Engine(GEE)was explained.

The major aspects of ISRO processing platform for International charter : space and major disasters and VEDAS Geo-spatial calculator was elucidated.

A few examples and case studies like web GIS based crop monitoring, site selection for solar energy plant, SAR data visualization and analysis, etc were presented.

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Deep Learning followed by a few examples of AI based applications – Building footprint detection from Cartosat-2S, Ship detection from satellite imagery, etc were discussed.

The basics of remote sensing and different types of sensors like multispectral, hyperspectral,RADAR/SAR, Thermal, atmospheric LIDAR, surface LiDAR, etc. were explained.

Various multispectral satellites like Landsat, ASTER, MODIS and hyperspectral satellites like AVRIS, HYPERION, IMS-1, HySI, AVIRIS, etc. and the differences between multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing were pointed out.

The steps involved in hyperspectral imaging, acquisition techniques of hyperspectral remote sensing, data collection in field and laboratory were given an insight.

Different open source softwares for hyperspectral remote sensing like HyperSpy, Gerbil and commercial softwares such as Erdas Imagine, ENVI, MIA Toolbox, Micro MSI, MATLAB, Mountains Map, Opticks, Scyllarus were showcased.

Geological spectroscopy and the process involved during absorption of EMR by minerals and laboratory spectroscopy of base metals, rocks with geochemistry were narrated in brief.